1 00:00:02,467 --> 00:00:07,434 So what do you looking at is basically a kind of a mechanistic way of thinking about the heart. 2 00:00:07,434 --> 00:00:13,272 Almost it´s a couple of pumps with pipes attached to the pumps. 3 00:00:13,272 --> 00:00:15,934 And in the way, it´s not a bad way to think about the heart. 4 00:00:15,934 --> 00:00:18,516 In fact we gonna move through this diagram. 5 00:00:18,516 --> 00:00:24,900 I realize that it looks little bit scary, but once I start labeling these stuff you start to seen that it is actually not that bad as it seem. 6 00:00:24,900 --> 00:00:29,070 So let´s get started in upper part of the heart. 7 00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:30,439 The Right atrium. Right there. 8 00:00:30,439 --> 00:00:32,502 And the blood goes down into the right ventricle. 9 00:00:32,502 --> 00:00:38,569 And then on the other side I´m going to label the last two chambers. The left atrium and the left ventricle. 10 00:00:38,569 --> 00:00:43,271 We gonna actually follow the path of blood after leaves the right ventricle. 11 00:00:43,271 --> 00:00:46,679 We gonna start our journey here in the right ventricle. 12 00:00:46,679 --> 00:00:49,118 So what´s the first thing that kind of come across? 13 00:00:49,118 --> 00:00:56,482 Well, blood leaves the right ventricle, gones through the valve and after on the other side you´ve got, this area right here. 14 00:00:56,482 --> 00:01:03,674 And I drawn it as one tube with no split and this is the pulmonary trunk. Pulmonary trunk. 15 00:01:03,674 --> 00:01:15,206 So blood is headed towards the lungs, going first through the trunk, and of course after the trunk there is left and right (write it up here) pulmonary arteries are next. 16 00:01:15,206 --> 00:01:18,038 And remember I called them arteries, because they´re going away from the heart. 17 00:01:18,038 --> 00:01:24,561 And there are two arteries, so pulmonary arteries left and right pulmonary arteries. 18 00:01:24,561 --> 00:01:31,941 And that´s why you see two things here, one here and you see one here and those are basically tubes. 19 00:01:31,941 --> 00:01:39,569 So it´s going from the pulmonary trunk, it´s splitting into one of the two tubes and I´m drawing these left and right lung up top. 20 00:01:39,569 --> 00:01:44,475 Of course you know that the lungs are actuall not gonna look this way, so this is not anatomically correct. 21 00:01:44,475 --> 00:01:47,967 But this is not as I said at the beginning bad way of thinking about it. 22 00:01:47,967 --> 00:01:54,980 So blood goes through the lungs and then comes on the other side and there we gonna talked about the left and right pulmonary veins. 23 00:01:54,980 --> 00:02:03,003 And actually here I´m gonna make the point that there aren´t just two pulmonary veins, one for each lung. 24 00:02:03,003 --> 00:02:04,601 Actually there usually more than that. 25 00:02:04,601 --> 00:02:11,167 And so when I draw this to I really what you to just think of two sides, veins coming from both sides. 26 00:02:11,167 --> 00:02:14,236 That actual number could be a few pulmonary veins in total. 27 00:02:14,236 --> 00:02:19,069 The pulmonary veins drain blood that end into the left atrium right. 28 00:02:19,069 --> 00:02:22,390 So now we are on the other side of the heart. 29 00:02:22,390 --> 00:02:31,769 And from the moment I´m gonna kind of pause the journey here. So we´ve gone from the right ventricle around to the lungs back again into the left atrium. 30 00:02:31,769 --> 00:02:34,479 And this is kind of the first part of our journey. 31 00:02:34,479 --> 00:02:38,568 And this part of the journey is called the pulmonary circulation. 32 00:02:38,568 --> 00:02:42,170 I´m actually just gonna write it here - Pulmonary circulation. 33 00:02:42,170 --> 00:02:51,638 So the fact that this part is starting going from the heart and going back to the heart is one circuit. 34 00:02:51,638 --> 00:02:55,070 And our heart actually has two circuit. 35 00:02:55,070 --> 00:02:57,540 But I wanna point out these circuits one at the time. 36 00:02:57,540 --> 00:02:59,116 We´ve already kind of completed one circuit. 37 00:02:59,116 --> 00:03:06,271 So I´m gonna just take some blue paint to indicate the oxygen in blood or blood without oxygen, 38 00:03:06,271 --> 00:03:09,004 I´m gonna paint in how it look. 39 00:03:09,004 --> 00:03:18,835 And actually it stop there because my aeros, you can actually see now, the oxygen in the blood kind of goes from right ventricle, throught the pulmonary trunk, throught the arteries and into the left and right lung. 40 00:03:18,835 --> 00:03:27,480 And once it´s there it´s gonna kind of mixed in with the capillaries and it´s gonna start getting an oxygen. 41 00:03:27,480 --> 00:03:31,501 And then it´s gonna come out the other side in the pulmonary veins. 42 00:03:31,501 --> 00:03:40,236 And It´s again stopped a little bit there, but I can fill it in and the pulmonary veins are gonna delivered that oxygene of blood to the left atrium. 43 00:03:40,236 --> 00:03:44,319 So what you see is a kind of coloured in now is the pulmonary circulation. 44 00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:46,649 That´s the first part of our circuit. 45 00:03:46,649 --> 00:03:54,062 Let´s now keep going and talk about the second part of the circulatory system, which is the systemic circulation. 46 00:03:54,062 --> 00:03:58,235 So now the journey starts with the left ventricle. Let me start there. 47 00:03:58,235 --> 00:04:04,736 For the systemic circulation I´m going to start in the left ventricle and it´s gonna go round to the body. 48 00:04:04,736 --> 00:04:10,150 Right the body is kind of the thing is going to receiveing all of the blood. 49 00:04:10,150 --> 00:04:12,403 And when I said body I really mean lots of things. 50 00:04:12,403 --> 00:04:25,791 I mean things like the brain, liver or it also could be maybe things like bones and your fingers, could be the toes, could be any part of your body that you can think of. 51 00:04:25,791 --> 00:04:32,345 It´s all these different organs and tissues that are going getting blood from the left ventricle. 52 00:04:32,345 --> 00:04:36,836 It´s gonna be going initially through a giant vessel. 53 00:04:36,836 --> 00:04:42,670 This vessel I´m gonna label let say here, as the Aorta. 54 00:04:42,670 --> 00:04:49,103 This is large vessel, the Aorta. And of course it branges and splits and I´ve not show all of the branges that´s came of the Aorta. 55 00:04:49,103 --> 00:04:50,536 But there are many, many of them. 56 00:04:50,536 --> 00:04:54,390 It goes to the various tissues and organs and then it comes back up on the other side. 57 00:04:54,390 --> 00:05:00,982 And in the end kind of some up here it´s gonna go back to the right atrium. 58 00:05:00,982 --> 00:05:06,061 And it generally travels trough two major kind of vessels. 59 00:05:06,061 --> 00:05:15,604 One is the Inferior and the other is the Superior, meaning lower and upper, and they both called Vena Cava. 60 00:05:15,604 --> 00:05:19,607 So Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava. 61 00:05:19,607 --> 00:05:26,971 So these are the two major veins that bring you back blood from the all the different parts of the body. 62 00:05:26,971 --> 00:05:31,004 And now you´ve actually seen the second circulation, because it all ends up in the right atrium. 63 00:05:31,004 --> 00:05:34,237 And this is the systemic circulation. I´m going to write it here. 64 00:05:34,237 --> 00:05:41,967 So now you can see thet the heart is really two different system, let´say two different circuit. 65 00:05:41,967 --> 00:05:49,669 And the first one, the pulmonary circulation, is really kind of relying on the right vetricle as the pump. 66 00:05:49,669 --> 00:05:53,309 And the second one is relying on the left ventricle as the pump. 67 00:05:53,309 --> 00:05:56,503 And actually I can now that you see it colored in. 68 00:05:56,503 --> 00:06:06,510 That would kind of delivered all the blood the the various organs, then the organs would use up the oxygene, so let me show it kind of now going back to blue. 69 00:06:06,510 --> 00:06:12,981 That´s indicate deoxidized blood and then goes back to the right atrium as deoxidized blood. 70 00:06:12,981 --> 00:06:18,508 So this is kind of how we sometimes see it and again does show you or give you an appreciation for the anatomy exactly, 71 00:06:18,508 --> 00:06:23,310 you know where the things brand show and when the different name makes sence, 72 00:06:23,310 --> 00:06:28,314 but you get it kind of overall feel for the fact that we have two different circulation 73 00:06:28,314 --> 00:06:31,367 and you can see where the blood is going from the different circuit. 74 00:06:31,367 --> 00:06:37,737 Now when you look at this picture you can say well I guess I can see all the different tissues we´re getting into blood, 75 00:06:37,737 --> 00:06:41,770 basically sounds like everything is coming from the oxygene of blood, 76 00:06:41,770 --> 00:06:42,948 coming up to the left ventricle. 77 00:06:42,948 --> 00:06:49,058 But some tissues always kind of trick people out, for it is kind of sparkle question. 78 00:06:49,058 --> 00:06:54,885 I´m just going kind of try a target couple of that tissues that I think people sometimes may have questions about. 79 00:06:54,885 --> 00:06:59,815 And one of them, woudn´t really called them tissues, but you can definitely call them cell type. 80 00:06:59,815 --> 00:07:04,168 It´s the RBC and RBC just stand for red blood cell. 81 00:07:04,168 --> 00:07:08,702 So people sometimes wondered you know if the red blood cell caring blood to the other parts of the body. 82 00:07:08,702 --> 00:07:11,901 Then how they themselves get oxygene? 83 00:07:11,901 --> 00:07:17,704 You know do they just kind of use up some of the oxygene they´re caring or what exactly? 84 00:07:17,704 --> 00:07:26,669 And answer to the question I need to remind you that the red blood cell basically looks little bit like this right, in cross section. 85 00:07:26,669 --> 00:07:32,128 And it doesn´t have any mitochondria, no mitochondria. 86 00:07:32,128 --> 00:07:40,503 So has no mitochondria and remember mitochondria are these tiny little organelles inside of cells that using oxygene. 87 00:07:40,503 --> 00:07:45,437 So that has no mitochondria that it´s not really using oxygene. 88 00:07:45,437 --> 00:07:54,336 So it´s not using oxygene and really these cells, we call them cells and there are many sences of this word, 89 00:07:54,336 --> 00:07:57,102 but they don´t really have mitochondria, they also don´t have nucellus. 90 00:07:57,102 --> 00:08:08,829 These are literarily amazingly design cells that they are made for the purpouse of caring around oxygene to the body because they really are bags of hemoglobin. 91 00:08:08,829 --> 00:08:14,510 So just remember red blood cell don´t really need oxygene they´re simply caring it around. 92 00:08:14,510 --> 00:08:19,107 Another tissue or organ makes people kind of wondered is the heart. 93 00:08:19,107 --> 00:08:29,903 The heart is pumping all the blood around but does it actually get oxygene from vessels that are in the pulmonary circulation or from the systemic circulation or what? 94 00:08:29,903 --> 00:08:34,936 And here the short answer is systemic circulation. 95 00:08:34,936 --> 00:08:36,475 It´s kind of the quick answer. 96 00:08:36,475 --> 00:08:42,388 And let me actually showed you where the blood vessels come from. 97 00:08:42,388 --> 00:08:50,834 These are called coronary vessels. So coronary artery and vein. 98 00:08:50,834 --> 00:08:56,937 And these coronary vessles they actually come right off the aorta here and here. 99 00:08:56,937 --> 00:09:02,812 So they come off the aorta right away, first branches off the aorta actually. 100 00:09:02,812 --> 00:09:04,902 So the first branches go and served the heart. 101 00:09:04,902 --> 00:09:08,804 So it´s kind of the first to get systemic circulation blood. 102 00:09:08,804 --> 00:09:15,040 And the veins actually drain in to the spot directly into the right atrium. 103 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:18,676 There is actually little spot right there and that they drained into. 104 00:09:18,676 --> 00:09:22,611 So the blood from the atrium come into aorta 105 00:09:22,611 --> 00:09:27,568 and on the vena side and it´s actually not even dumping into the inferior or superior vena cava, 106 00:09:27,568 --> 00:09:30,773 kind of little unknow fact that is coming directly into the right atrium. 107 00:09:30,773 --> 00:09:34,005 And finally kind of tricky one but the lungs. 108 00:09:34,005 --> 00:09:36,335 Where the lungs get their oxygene from? 109 00:09:36,335 --> 00:09:41,511 And this is like I said tricky and I save this for last because there are actually blood vessels 110 00:09:41,511 --> 00:09:46,502 and again don´t worry so much about the anatomy in terms where it is coming off in the exactly, 111 00:09:46,502 --> 00:09:53,335 but it´s coming off the systemic circulation and you´ve got the vessel coming to the right lung. 112 00:09:53,335 --> 00:10:04,076 Let´s say something like that. And you´ve got another vessel going, I´ve just drawing kind of going to the left lung like that. 113 00:10:04,126 --> 00:10:09,521 So you´ve got couples of arteries branching of and these are also part of the systemic circulation. 114 00:10:09,521 --> 00:10:10,853 And these are called the bronchial arteries. 115 00:10:10,853 --> 00:10:18,001 And these bronchial arteries brain that really wonderful oxygened blood right. These are the brochial arteries. 116 00:10:18,001 --> 00:10:20,777 So you might say that wasn´t so difficult. 117 00:10:20,777 --> 00:10:24,943 I say bronchial vessels because there are some veins coming off. 118 00:10:24,943 --> 00:10:29,702 Actually let me drawn the veins so you can see how those are kind of end up 119 00:10:29,702 --> 00:10:36,704 and these veins come from of course the right lung and they´re actually end up kind of dumping in here. 120 00:10:36,704 --> 00:10:43,403 Can really show blue on blue but you know just they kind of go there. 121 00:10:43,403 --> 00:10:44,814 And you´ve got another vein from the another lung 122 00:10:44,814 --> 00:10:49,604 kind of following a parallel path and going into the veins, as well. 123 00:10:49,604 --> 00:10:53,670 And so they don´t dump necessarily directly into the inferior/ superior vena cava. 124 00:10:53,670 --> 00:10:58,900 I´ve just wanna showed that they´re going into the vena´s side on the systemic circulation. 125 00:10:58,900 --> 00:11:07,267 So if that was it that would be really simple, but actually lungs are kind of interesting in sence that there is a lot of mixing going on. 126 00:11:07,267 --> 00:11:09,935 You´ve got pulmonary arteries caring blood, 127 00:11:09,935 --> 00:11:12,537 you´ve got bronchial arteries caring blood 128 00:11:12,537 --> 00:11:14,703 and that blood mixes. 129 00:11:14,703 --> 00:11:16,626 And then you´ve got the capillaries, 130 00:11:16,626 --> 00:11:19,144 you´ve got some blood kind of from both places - 131 00:11:19,144 --> 00:11:23,140 the pulmonary circulation and the blood from the systemic circulation again mixing. 132 00:11:23,140 --> 00:11:30,139 And then on the other side where the veins bringing blood back to the heart 133 00:11:30,139 --> 00:11:36,570 most of the blood turns out, most of the blood actually goes this way into the pulmonary veins. 134 00:11:36,570 --> 00:11:43,238 So even if you have the bronchial arteries bringing blood in that would be right here 135 00:11:43,238 --> 00:11:50,402 you know the bronchial arteries bringing blood in a lot of that blood ends up going int that pulmonary circulation. 136 00:11:50,402 --> 00:11:56,539 So that´s kind of a intersting fact that not as much goes this way directly into that systemic circulation. 137 00:11:56,539 --> 00:11:58,838 So that´s kind of the tricky thing to keep in mind 138 00:11:58,838 --> 00:12:03,642 but the lungs then technically really are getting blood both from the systemic circulation 139 00:12:03,642 --> 00:12:10,103 but also they kind of mixing blood and they´re mixing blood with the pulmonary circulation. 140 00:12:10,103 --> 00:12:12,225 We´ll talk about this little bit more in another video 141 00:12:12,225 --> 00:12:16,237 and I don´t wanna make you feel like this kind of got too confusing 142 00:12:16,237 --> 00:12:22,353 but I´ve just wanted you to be aware that there is mixing going on in the lungs with the systemic and pulmonary circulation. 143 00:12:22,353 --> 00:12:25,000 That´s kind of a unique organ in that sence.